When: The Scientific Secrets of Perfect Timing(61)

58. Ahmed S. BaHammam, “Sleep from an Islamic Perspective,” Annals of Thoracic Medicine 6, no. 4 (2011): 187–92.

59. Dan Bilefsky and Christina Anderson, “A Paid Hour a Week for Sex? Swedish Town Considers It,” New York Times, February 23, 2017.


CHAPTER 2. TIME HACKER’S HANDBOOK

1. Mayo Clinic staff, “Napping: Do’s and Don’ts for Healthy Adults,” available at https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/napping/art-20048319.

2. Hannes Zacher, Holly A. Brailsford, and Stacey L. Parker, “Micro-Breaks Matter: A Diary Study on the Effects of Energy Management Strategies on Occupational Well-Being,” Journal of Vocational Behavior 85, no. 3 (2014): 287–97.

3. Daniel Z. Levin, Jorge Walter, and J. Keith Murnighan, “The Power of Reconnection: How Dormant Ties Can Surprise You,” MIT Sloan Management Review 52, no. 3 (2011): 45–50.

4. Christopher Peterson et al., “Strengths of Character, Orientations to Happiness, and Life Satisfaction,” Journal of Positive Psychology 2, no. 3 (2007): 149–56.

5. See Anna Brones and Johanna Kindvall, Fika: The Art of the Swedish Coffee Break (Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press, 2015); Anne Quito, “This Four-Letter Word Is the Swedish Key to Happiness at Work,” Quartz, March 14, 2016.

6. Charlotte Fritz, Chak Fu Lam, and Gretchen M. Spreitzer, “It’s the Little Things That Matter: An Examination of Knowledge Workers’ Energy Management,” Academy of Management Perspectives 25, no. 3 (2011): 28–39.

7. Lesley Alderman, “Breathe. Exhale. Repeat: The Benefits of Controlled Breathing,” New York Times, November 9, 2016.

8. Kristen M. Finkbeiner, Paul N. Russell, and William S. Helton, “Rest Improves Performance, Nature Improves Happiness: Assessment of Break Periods on the Abbreviated Vigilance Task,” Consciousness and Cognition 42 (2016): 277–85.

9. Angela Duckworth, Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance (New York: Scribner, 2016), 118.

10. Stephanie Pappas, “As Schools Cut Recess, Kids’ Learning Will Suffer, Experts Say,” Live Science (2011). Available at https://www.livescience.com/15555-schools-cut-recess-learning-suffers.html.

11. Claude Brodesser-Akner, “Christie: ‘Stupid’ Mandatory Recess Bill Deserved My Veto,” NJ.com, January 20, 2016, available at http://www.nj.com/politics/index.ssf/2016/01/christie_stupid_law_assuring_kids_recess_deserved.html.

12. Olga S. Jarrett et al., “Impact of Recess on Classroom Behavior: Group Effects and Individual Differences,” Journal of Educational Research 92, no. 2 (1998): 121–26.

13. Catherine N. Rasberry et al., “The Association Between School-Based Physical Activity, Including Physical Education, and Academic Performance: A Systematic Review of the Literature,” Preventive Medicine 52 (2011): S10–20.

14. Romina M. Barros, Ellen J. Silver, and Ruth E. K. Stein, “School Recess and Group Classroom Behavior,” Pediatrics 123, no. 2 (2009): 431–36; Anthony D. Pellegrini and Catherine M. Bohn, “The Role of Recess in Children’s Cognitive Performance and School Adjustment,” Educational Researcher 34, no. 1 (2005): 13–19.

15. Sophia Alvarez Boyd, “Not All Fun and Games: New Guidelines Urge Schools to Rethink Recess,” National Public Radio, February 1, 2017.

16. Timothy D. Walker, “How Kids Learn Better by Taking Frequent Breaks Throughout the Day,” KQED News Mind Shift, April 18, 2017; Christopher Connelly, “More Playtime! How Kids Succeed with Recess Four Times a Day at School,” KQED News, January 4, 2016.


CHAPTER 3. BEGINNINGS

1. Anne G. Wheaton, Gabrielle A. Ferro, and Janet B. Croft, “School Start Times for Middle School and High School Students—United States, 2011–12 School Year,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 64, no. 3 (August 7, 2015): 809–13.

2. Karen Weintraub, “Young and Sleep Deprived,” Monitor on Psychology 47, no. 2 (2016): 46, citing Katherine M. Keyes et al., “The Great Sleep Recession: Changes in Sleep Duration Among US Adolescents, 1991–2012,” Pediatrics 135, no. 3 (2015): 460–68.

3. Finley Edwards, “Early to Rise? The Effect of Daily Start Times on Academic Performance,” Economics of Education Review 31, no. 6 (2012): 970–83.

4. Reut Gruber et al., “Sleep Efficiency (But Not Sleep Duration) of Healthy School-Age Children Is Associated with Grades in Math and Languages,” Sleep Medicine 15, no. 12 (2014): 1517–25.

5. Adolescent Sleep Working Group, “School Start Times for Adolescents,” Pediatrics 134, no. 3 (2014): 642–49.

6. Kyla Wahlstrom et al., “Examining the Impact of Later High School Start Times on the Health and Academic Performance of High School Students: A Multi-Site Study,” Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement (2014). See also Robert Daniel Vorona et al., “Dissimilar Teen Crash Rates in Two Neighboring Southeastern Virginia Cities with Different High School Start Times,” Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine 7, no. 2 (2011): 145–51.

7. Pamela Malaspina McKeever and Linda Clark, “Delayed High School Start Times Later than 8:30 AM and Impact on Graduation Rates and Attendance Rates,” Sleep Health 3, no. 2 (2017): 119–25; Carolyn Crist, “Later School Start Times Catch on Nationwide,” District Administrator, March 28, 2017.

8. Anne G. Wheaton, Daniel P. Chapman, and Janet B. Croft, “School Start Times, Sleep, Behavioral, Health, and Academic Outcomes: A Review of the Literature,” Journal of School Health 86, no. 5 (2016): 363–81.