When: The Scientific Secrets of Perfect Timing(59)

15. Kyoungmin Cho, Christopher M. Barnes, and Cristiano L. Guanara, “Sleepy Punishers Are Harsh Punishers: Daylight Saving Time and Legal Sentences,” Psychological Science 28, no. 2 (2017): 242–47.

16. Shai Danziger, Jonathan Levav, and Liora Avnaim-Pesso, “Extraneous Factors in Judicial Decisions,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108, no. 17 (2011): 6889–92.

17. Atsunori Ariga and Alejandro Lleras, “Brief and Rare Mental ‘Breaks’ Keep You Focused: Deactivation and Reactivation of Task Goals Preempt Vigilance Decrements,” Cognition 118, no. 3 (2011): 439–43.

18. Emily M. Hunter and Cindy Wu, “Give Me a Better Break: Choosing Workday Break Activities to Maximize Resource Recovery,” Journal of Applied Psychology 101, no. 2 (2016): 302–11.

19. Hannes Zacher, Holly A. Brailsford, and Stacey L. Parker, “Micro-Breaks Matter: A Diary Study on the Effects of Energy Management Strategies on Occupational Well-Being,” Journal of Vocational Behavior 85, no. 3 (2014): 287–97.

20. Audrey Bergouignan et al., “Effect of Frequent Interruptions of Prolonged Sitting on Self-Perceived Levels of Energy, Mood, Food Cravings and Cognitive Function,” International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 13, no. 1 (2016): 13–24.

21. Li-Ling Wu et al., “Effects of an 8-Week Outdoor Brisk Walking Program on Fatigue in Hi-Tech Industry Employees: A Randomized Control Trial,” Workplace Health & Safety 63, no. 10 (2015): 436–45; Marily Oppezzo and Daniel L. Schwartz, “Give Your Ideas Some Legs: The Positive Effect of Walking on Creative Thinking,” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 40, no. 4 (2014): 1142–52.

22. Johannes Wendsche et al., “Rest Break Organization in Geriatric Care and Turnover: A Multimethod Cross-Sectional Study,” International Journal of Nursing Studies 51, no. 9 (2014): 1246–57.

23. Sooyeol Kim, Young Ah Park, and Qikun Niu, “Micro-Break Activities at Work to Recover from Daily Work Demands,” Journal of Organizational Behavior 38, no. 1 (2016): 28–41.

24. Kristen M. Finkbeiner, Paul N. Russell, and William S. Helton, “Rest Improves Performance, Nature Improves Happiness: Assessment of Break Periods on the Abbreviated Vigilance Task,” Consciousness and Cognition 42 (2016): 277–85.

25. Jo Barton and Jules Pretty, “What Is the Best Dose of Nature and Green Exercise for Improving Mental Health? A Multi-Study Analysis,” Environmental Science & Technology 44, no. 10 (2010): 3947–55.

26. Elizabeth K. Nisbet and John M. Zelenski, “Underestimating Nearby Nature: Affective Forecasting Errors Obscure the Happy Path to Sustainability,” Psychological Science 22, no. 9 (2011): 1101–6; Kristen M. Finkbeiner, Paul N. Russell, and William S. Helton, “Rest Improves Performance, Nature Improves Happiness: Assessment of Break Periods on the Abbreviated Vigilance Task,” Consciousness and Cognition 42 (2016), 277–85.

27. Sooyeol Kim, Young Ah Park, and Qikun Niu, “Micro-Break Activities at Work to Recover from Daily Work Demands,” Journal of Organizational Behavior 38, no. 1 (2016): 28–41.

28. Hongjai Rhee and Sudong Kim, “Effects of Breaks on Regaining Vitality at Work: An Empirical Comparison of ‘Conventional’ and ‘Smartphone’ Breaks,” Computers in Human Behavior 57 (2016): 160–67.

29. Marjaana Sianoja et al., “Recovery During Lunch Breaks: Testing Long-Term Relations with Energy Levels at Work,” Scandinavian Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 1, no. 1 (2016): 1–12.

30. See, e.g., Megan A. McCrory, “Meal Skipping and Variables Related to Energy Balance in Adults: A Brief Review, with Emphasis on the Breakfast Meal,” Physiology & Behavior 134 (2014): 51–54; and Hania Szajewska and Marek Ruszczyński, “Systematic Review Demonstrating That Breakfast Consumption Influences Body Weight Outcomes in Children and Adolescents in Europe,” Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 50, no. 2 (2010): 113–19, where the authors caution that the “results should be interpreted with a substantial degree of caution because of poor reporting of the review process and a lack of information on the quality of the included studies.”

31. Emily J. Dhurandhar et al., “The Effectiveness of Breakfast Recommendations on Weight Loss: A Randomized Controlled Trial,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 100, no. 2 (2014): 507–13.

32. Andrew W. Brown, Michelle M. Bohan Brown, and David B. Allison, “Belief Beyond the Evidence: Using the Proposed Effect of Breakfast on Obesity to Show 2 Practices That Distort Scientific Evidence,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 98, no. 5 (2013): 1298–1308; David A. Levitsky and Carly R. Pacanowski, “Effect of Skipping Breakfast on Subsequent Energy Intake,” Physiology & Behavior 119 (2013): 9–16.

33. Enhad Chowdhury and James Betts, “Should I Eat Breakfast? Health Experts on Whether It Really Is the Most Important Meal of the Day,” Independent, February 15, 2016. See also Dara Mohammadi, “Is Breakfast Really the Most Important Meal of the Day?” New Scientist, March 22, 2016.

34. See, e.g., http://saddesklunch.com, the source of the paragraph’s perhaps dubious 62 percent figure.

35. Marjaana Sianoja et al., “Recovery During Lunch Breaks: Testing Long-Term Relations with Energy Levels at Work,” Scandinavian Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 1, no. 1 (2016): 1–12.