Black Earth(169)

Pilecki was a patriot The passage is in Pilecki, Auschwitz Volunteer, 175; I translate here the Polish original.

Some 28,000 Jews 28,000 and 11,600: Paulsson, Secret City, 2, 5, 209, 212. 4,000: Bartoszewski and Lewinówna, Ten jest, 28. Joint and money belts: Bartoszewski, “Rozmowa,” 35; Bartoszewski, Warsaw Ghetto, 59.

Among ?egota’s leaders PPS: Bartoszewski, Warsaw Ghetto, 46. Individuals: Prekerowa, Konspiracyjna Rada, 69–75.

At the same time On Kossak and the debate over antisemitic rescuers, see Podolska, “Poland’s Antisemitic Rescuers.” See also Ca?a, Antysemitizm, 447. Rescue of human beings rather than Jews: also a finding of Tec, When Light, 176. Nucleus: Paulsson, Secret City, 26, 40; Peleg-Mariańska and Peleg, “Witnesses,” 11; Oliner, Altruistic Personality, 6, 142.

Like Pilecki, Karski, and Bartoszewski Prekerowa, “Komórka,” 521–25, 531.

After the war was over The phenomenon of assimilated Jews helping other Jews was, at least in Warsaw, not uncommon. Another form of Jewish self-help that saved lives was organization inside the Warsaw ghetto. See Sakowska, Ludzie, 117–86.





11. Partisans of God and Man


Anszel Sznajder and his brother ?IH, 301/2953.

The Sznajder brothers The point is made in Croes, “Pour une approche quantitative,” 95.

This bloody irony The complex histories of Jews in the Warsaw Uprising of 1944 are presented in Engelking and Libionka, ?ydzi w powstańczej Warszawie. Amsterdam comparison: Paulsson, Secret City, 230.

The Soviet partisans See Brakel, “?‘Das allergef?hrlichste,’?” 403–16; Musial, Sowjetische Partisanen, 189, 202; Verbrechen der Wehrmacht, 495; Slepyan, Stalin’s Guerrillas, 157.

Some distinguished soldiers On Józewski, see Snyder, Sketches; and his own memoir at BUW DR 3189. D?ugoborska: Bartniczak, From Andrzejowo to Pecynka, 138–40; Gawin, “Pensjonat.” Ko?miński: Bartoszewski and Lewinówna, Ten jest, 310. Gieru?a: Stanis?aw and Lusia Ige?, in R?czy, Pomóc Polaków, 280. Stanis?aw Ige? was in the Home Army.

The Home Army also carried Papers: FVA, 414, Alice H.; FVA, 538, Norman L.; FVA, 2700, Maria M. Woliński: Libionka, “ZWZ-AK,” 36. On the Biuletyn Informacyjny: Libionka, “ZWZ-AK,” 39, 43.

Thousands of Jews either joined Weapons from Home Army: Libionka, “ZWZ-AK,” 57, 69. Quotation: Engelking and Libionka, ?ydzi w powstańczej Warszawie, 91.

In the opening days of the Warsaw Kopka, Konzentrationslager Warschau, 82–115.

The Home Army was a continuation Bandits and death sentences: Libionka, “ZWZ-AK,” 119–23.

The myth of Judeobolshevism Libionka, “ZWK-AK,” 136.

In villages where communism Nurse: E?zbieta Burda, ?IH, 301/2407.

Though communist ideology On recruitment of murderers, see generally Slepyan, Stalin’s Guerrillas, 209. Amnesty: Penter, Kohle, 273. On Brins’kyi, see his Po to? bik frontu. Worry of Ukrainian nationalists: OUN v svitli, 82. Policeman and girlfriend: ?IH, 301/2879. On the highly complex methods used by the Soviet partisans, see Burds, “Agentura”; Armstrong, Soviet Partisans; see also Gazeta Wyborcza, 15 April 2002.

Jews who knew the local terrain ?IH, 301/717. For other examples of side switching, see Musial, Sowjetische Partisanen, 266–67. Jews also recruited Poles to the Soviet partisans; see the case of Moj?esz Edelstein in ?IH, 301/810.

Not every local Jew working For another example of a Jewish recruiter, see ?IH 301/1795. For encounters with antisemitism, see ?IH, 301/53, Abram Leder; ?IH, 301/299, Zoja Bajer; ?IH, 301/1046, Lazar Bromberg. See also Dieckmann, Deutsche Besatzungspolitik, 2:1469. For general reflections, see Weiner, Making Sense, 376–382.

Nevertheless, the Soviet partisans Jewish and non-Jewish communists: Jakub Grinsberg, ?IH, 301/305. Max: Zoja Bajer, ?IH, 301/299. The punitive expedition: ?IH, 301 5737, Rena Guz.

A substantial number of the Jewish German liquidations in Volhynia: A striking record is the inventory of gasoline and oil used exclusively for travel from ghetto to ghetto to murder remaining Jews. “Ausgabeliste,” DAVO, Fond R-2, Opis 2, Delo 196. Volhynian Jewish partisans, male and female: ?IH, 301/299; ?IH, 301/718; ?IH, 301/719; ?IH, 301/1811. On family camps see Arad, “Original Form.” Feeling of the deed: Aron Per?aw, ?IH, 301/955. Each dead German: Leon Jarszun, ?IH, 301/1487.

One such person was Tuvia Bielski On Bielski, see Tec, Defiance, 5, 40, 63, 80, 110, 145, 185, 208.

This powerful myth could admit Chess and disarmament: Libionka, “ZWZ-AK,” 112. Correct understanding: Slepyan, Stalin’s Guerrillas, 210.