The Betrayal of Anne Frank: A Cold Case Investigation(106)

11“SS’er die gezin Frank arresteerde, gevonden” [SS’er Who Arrested Frank Family Found], Volkskrant, November 21, 1963.

12Carol Ann Lee, The Hidden Life of Otto Frank (New York: Harper Perennial, 2003), 278.

13Miep Gies with Alison Leslie Gold, Anne Frank Remembered: The Story of the Woman Who Helped to Hide the Frank Family (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2009), 196.

14Eda Shapiro and Rick Kardonne, Victor Kugler: The Man Who Hid Anne Frank (Jerusalem: Gefen Publishing House, 2008), 54.

15Detective Scherer, State Department of Criminal Investigation, Amsterdam, interview with Miep Gies, May 3, 1963, NIOD, Doc. 1 Van Maaren.

16De Groene Amsterdammer republished the full article in 1986. See Jules Huf, “Listen, We Are Not Interested in Politics,” De Groene Amsterdammer, May 14, 1986.

17Wiesenthal, The Murderers Among Us, 180.

18Karl Josef Silberbauer, signed statement, November 25, 1963, translated by Joachim Bayens, Austrian Department of the Interior, Austrian State Archives, VieNI-HaNa.

19Jeroen de Bruyn and Joop van Wijk, Anne Frank: The Untold Story: The Hidden Truth About Eli Vossen, the Youngest Helper of the Secret Annex (Laag-Soeren, Netherlands: Bep Voskuijl Productions, 2018), 191.

20Huf, “Listen, We Are Not Interested in Politics.”





Chapter 31: What Miep Knew


1Miep Gies, Wallenberg Lecture, University of Michigan, October 11, 1994.

2Drake Baer, “The Real Reason Keeping Secrets Is So Hard, According to a Psychologist,” The Cut, June 1, 2016, https://www.thecut.com/2016/06/real-reason-keeping-secrets-is-hard.html.

3Quoted in Carol Ann Lee, The Hidden Life of Otto Frank (New York: Harper Perennial, 2003), 322–23.

4Vince Pankoke, interview with Father John Neiman, February 19, 2019.

5Jeroen de Bruyn and Joop van Wijk, Anne Frank: The Untold Story: The Hidden Truth About Eli Vossen, the Youngest Helper of the Secret Annex (Laag-Soeren, Netherlands: Bep Voskuijl Productions, 2018), 169.

6Miep and Jan Gies, cited in Hieke Jippes, “Voices from the Front House,” NRC Handelsblad, March 14, 1981. See also De Bruyn and Van Wijk, Anne Frank: The Untold Story, 169.





Chapter 32: No Substantial Proof, Part II


1Arend J. van Helden, State Department of Criminal Investigation, Amsterdam, interview with Willem Grootendorst, January 7, 1964; Arend J. van Helden, interview with Gezinus Gringhuis, December 23, 1963, NIOD, Doc. 1 Van Maaren.

2Arend J. van Helden, State Department of Criminal Investigation, Amsterdam, summary report, December 3, 1964, NIOD, Doc. 1 Van Maaren.

3Arend J. van Helden, State Department of Criminal Investigation, Amsterdam, interview with Willem van Maaren, October 6, 1964, NIOD, Doc. 1 Van Maaren.

4Arend J. van Helden, State Department of Criminal Investigation, final report to prosecutor, November 6, 1964.

5Carol Ann Lee, The Hidden Life of Otto Frank (New York: Harper Perennial, 2003), 123.

6Umberto Bacchi perpetuated the rumor of the female caller in “Anne Frank: Book Identifies Betrayer as Helper’s Sister and Gestapo Informer Nelly Voskuijl,” International Business Times, April 9, 2015, but did not substantiate it. See also: Interview with Jan Erik Dubbelman, head of educational projects, Anne Frank House (AFH), Amsterdam, July 8, 2019.

7Simon Wiesenthal, The Murderers Among Us: The Simon Wiesenthal Memoirs, edited by Joseph Wechsberg (New York: Bantam Books, 1968), 182.

8Detective Meeboer, interview with Lammert Hartog, March 20, 1948, PRA.

9Detective Meeboer, interview with J. Kleiman, January 12, 1948, PRA.

10Vince Pankoke, interview with Melissa Müller, Munich, February 14, 2019.





Chapter 33: The Greengrocer


1Ernst Schnabel, The Footsteps of Anne Frank, translated by Richard and Clara Winston (Harpenden, UK: Southbank Publishing, 2014), 95–96.

2Anecdote reported by E. Schnabel during visit to Hendrik van Hoeve in 1957; Monique Koemans and Christine Hoste, interview with Stef van Hoeve, February 27, 2019.

3Hendrik van Hoeve, memoirs, AFS; Christine Hoste and Monique Koemans, interviews with Stef van Hoeve, February 27, and July 10, 2019.

4Johannes Gerard Koning, CABR, NI-HaNa. A detailed account of the early-morning raid appears in the file along with the names of the IV B4 Dutch detectives who participated.

5Anne Frank, diary entry, May 25, 1944, in Anne Frank, The Diary of Anne Frank: The Revised Critical Edition, edited by David Barnouw and Gerrold van der Stroom, translated by Arnold J. Pomerans, B. M. Mooyaart-Doubleday, and Susan Massotty (New York: Doubleday, 2003), 681.

6The German name of the camp was Konzentrationslager Herzogenbusch; see Hendrik van Hoeve, memoirs, AFS, and Christine Hoste and Monique Koemans, interviews with Stef van Hoeve, February 27 and July 10, 2019.

7Research by Gerrit van der Vorst, Buun, 2014, 133. His brother, by contrast, was the opposite. Alfred Meiler had acted as a double spy for the Germans in World War I and had been sent to the United States on an espionage mission.

8“Max Meiler,” Joods Monument, https://www.joodsmonument.nl/nl/page/402501/max-meiler.

9Hendrik van Hoeve, memoirs, AFS.

10Ibid.

11Inventory number/obtained during call, Dutch Red Cross Archive.

12Monique Koemans and Pieter van Twisk, interview with Guido Abuys, curator, Herinneringscentrum Kamp Westerbork, October 10, 2018.

13Ibid.

14Hendrik van Hoeve, memoirs, AFS.