The Betrayal of Anne Frank: A Cold Case Investigation(105)
9CCT, interview with Joop van Wijk, December 7, 2018.
10Anne Frank, diary entry, May 6, 1944, in The Diary of Anne Frank: The Revised Critical Edition, edited by David Barnouw and Gerrold van der Stroom, translated by Arnold J. Pomerans, B. M. Mooyaart-Doubleday, and Susan Massotty (New York: Doubleday, 2003), 655.
11Anne Frank, diary entry, May 11, 1944, ibid., 668.
12Anne Frank, diary entry, May 19, 1944, ibid., 674.
13Jeroen de Bruyn and Joop van Wijk, Bep Voskuijl, het zwijgen voorbij: En biografie van de jongste helpster van het Achterhuis (Amsterdam: Prometheus Bert Bakker, 2018), 192. Rhijja Jansen, “Dat Nelly fout was, daar werd nooit over gesproken,” Volkskrant, April 26, 2018.
14Bruyn and Wijk, Anne Frank: The Untold Story, 102; Jeroen de Bruyn and Joop van Wijk, interview with Bertus Hulsman, February 20, 2014, Amsterdam.
15Dineke Stam, interview with Bertus Hulsman, AFS, tape 1, time: 25:30, AFS.
16Ibid., tape 2, time: 19:15.
17Ibid., tape 2, time: 10:51
18Vince Pankoke, interview with Melissa Müller, Munich, February 17, 2019.
19CCT, interview with Gerlof Langerijs, March 28, 2019.
20Joop van Wijk, interview and email exchange with Hugo Voskuijl.
21Inventory 13, 15, 17, 22, Interneringsarchieven (Internment Archives), 1945–50, Groningen Archives.
22Nelly Voskuijl, AC card, Groningen Archives. Unpublished research by Ben Wegman shows that Nelly lived not only at Grote Rozenstraat 14, Steentilstraat 47, and Gedempte Zuiderdiep 25a but also at Noorderstationsstraat 20 for two months. Wegman’s research and a Delpher search show that Diny’s memories about Nelly’s work and the Voet family are correct: she is registered as an in-house clerk for widow A. Hendriks at Grote Rozengracht 14 from October 26, 1945, until May 23, 1947, when she moved to Noorderstationsstraat 20a. At number 20 Noorderstationsstraat the son of the Voet family lived with his wife and young baby. After two months, on July 28, 1947, Nelly moved to Gedempte Zuiderdiep 25a, the house with the café of the head of the Voet family, Gozen Theo Voet. Nelly was registered as an in-house maid. This information, together with the vague remarks of Joop van Wijk that the “family Voet” was friends with Nelly, confirms that Nelly Voskuijl was not in prison between October 26, 1945, and April 8, 1953, when she moved back to Amsterdam.
23Bruyn and Wijk, Anne Frank: The Untold Story, 233.
24CCT, interview with Joop van Wijk, December 7, 2018.
25To answer this question, CCT conducted extensive interviews, as well as document searches. They spoke with Melissa Müller and conducted two interviews with Joop van Wijk and one with Jeroen de Bruyn; Bertus Hulsman was interviewed by a researcher at AFS, Dineke Stam. Diny Voskuijl could not be interviewed because of poor health, but they closely reviewed the interview she had given to the Volkskrant newspaper in 2018. They also interviewed Hugo Voskuijl, an amateur genealogist who had done extensive research into his family.
Chapter 29: Probing Memory
1Evelyn Wolf, audio interview with Victor Kugler, 1972, AFS.
2Ernst Schnabel, original notes for The Footsteps of Anne Frank, 1957, German Literature Archive Marbach.
3“A Tragedy Revealed,” Life, August 18, 1958, 78–90.
4Ernst Schnabel, The Footsteps of Anne Frank, translated by Richard and Clara Winston (Harpenden, UK: Southbank Publishing, 2014), 129.
5Ibid.
6Arend J. van Helden, State Department of Criminal Investigation, Amsterdam, interview with Otto Frank, December 2–3, 1963, NIOD, Doc. 1 Van Maaren.
7Jan Rijnders, Report: Telefoonnet Amsterdam 1940–1945, March 25, 2019. Report for Cold Case Team, not publicly available.
8Gertjan Broek, “An Investigative Report on the Betrayal and Arrest of the Inhabitants of the Secret Annex,” Anne Frank House, December 2016, https://www.annefrank.org/en/downloads/filer_public/4a/c6/4ac6677d-f8ae-4c79-b024-91ffe694e216/an_investigative_report_on_the_betrayal_and_arrest.pdf, 8. Broek concluded that this remark has been misread because it depends on Silberbauer’s statement being correct.
Chapter 30: “The Man Who Arrested Frank Family Discovered in Vienna”
1Simon Wiesenthal, The Murderers Among Us: The Simon Wiesenthal Memoirs, edited by Joseph Wechsberg (New York: Bantam Books, 1968), 171–72.
2Ibid., 174.
3Ibid., 177.
4Harry Paape (then director of NIOD), interview with Miep Gies, February 18 and 27, 1985, NIOD.
5Wiesenthal, The Murderers Among Us, 175. Assuming that Kugler had misspelled it, Wiesenthal changed Silvernagl to Silbernagel, which was a common name in Austria.
6Ibid., 178. In a CBS documentary, Who Killed Anne Frank?, the director of RIOD (now NIOD), Loe de Long, claimed it was he who had given the phone directory with Silberbauer’s name to Wiesenthal.
7Tony Paterson, “Nazi Who Arrested Anne Frank Became a Spy for West Germany,” Independent, April 11, 2011.
8“Der Mann, der Anne Frank verhaftete” [The Man Who Betrayed Anne Frank], Volksstimme, November 11, 1963.
9Simon Wiesenthal, letter to Dr. Wiesinger, Austrian Ministry of the Interior, November 15, 1963, AFS.
10“Nieuw onderzoek naar het verraad van familie Frank” [New Investigation into the Betrayal of the Frank Family], Het Vrije Volk, November 27, 1962. See also “Frank wist wie hem weghaald” [Frank Knew Who Took Him Away], translated by the Cold Case Team, De Telegraaf, November 22, 1963.