The Betrayal of Anne Frank: A Cold Case Investigation(93)

Bergen-Belsen camp: One of the larger prisoner of war and concentration camps, near Celle in the north of Germany, where more than seventy thousand people died during the Second World War. This is the camp where Anne and Margot died in early 1945.

Besluit Buitengewone Rechtspleging (Special Justice Act): A special law drawn up by the Dutch government in exile in London at the end of 1943; it regulated the organization and prosecution of people who had collaborated with the Germans or were considered war criminals.

Bureau Joodse Zaken (BJA) (Bureau of Jewish Affairs): Originally a department of the Amsterdam police charged with detecting violations of Jewish measures imposed by the Germans in the occupied Netherlands. After the Netherlands was declared “Jew free” in 1943, the officers of this unit were assigned to department IV B4 of the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) and predominantly hunted Jews in hiding.

Bureau Nationale Veiligheid (BNV) (Bureau of National Security): A provisional postwar Dutch intelligence and security service (founded in 1945). It later became the Binnenlandse Veiligheidsdienst (BVD), or Internal Security Service, and is now known as the Algemene Inlichtingen-en Veiligheidsdienst (AIVD), or General Intelligence and Security Service.

Centraal Archief van de Bijzondere Rechtspleging (CABR) (Central Archives of Extraordinary Justice): The special archive of all cases that were brought to justice after the war under the Special Justice Act of 1943 by the exiled Dutch government in London. It is kept for the most part at the Nationaal Archief (National Archives) in The Hague.

Colonne Henneicke (Henneicke Column): A group of over fifty Dutch Nazi collaborators, led by the (partly) German Wim Henneicke. They were active as bounty hunters in the period between March and October 1943. The group is estimated to have been responsible for the deportation of more than eight thousand Jews. The group worked for the Abteilung Hausraterfassung.

Comité voor Joodsche Vluchtelingen (CJV) (Committee for Jewish Refugees): An aid organization set up in the Netherlands to accommodate the growing number of Jewish refugees from Germany; active between 1933 and 1941. The CJV mediated in matters concerning emergency relief, education, emigration, exit visas, and residence permits.

Dachau concentration camp: The first concentration camp in Nazi Germany, established in 1933 in the vicinity of Munich. Almost fifty thousand people died in Dachau.

Dolle Dinsdag (Mad Tuesday): September 5, 1944. After major Allied advances, the rumor spread that the Netherlands would be liberated at any moment. The Dutch started to celebrate openly, and Germans and collaborators fled on a large scale. Ultimately, the Allied advance was limited to the southern part of the Netherlands, and the Germans held out for another eight months.

Einsatzstab (Operation Staff) Reichsleiter Rosenberg (ER): A Nazi looting organization named after Alfred Rosenberg that systematically stole artwork and cultural goods from the German-occupied countries and took them to Germany.

Euterpestraat: The name commonly used for the Amsterdam Sicherheitsdienst (SD) headquarters located at Euterpestraat 99, Amsterdam, opposite the Zentralstelle building at Adama van Scheltema Square, which also housed the IV B4 Jew-hunting unit.

Expositur: The office of the Jewish Council, responsible for liaising with the German authorities.

Februaristaking (February Strike): A labor strike on February 25 and 26, 1941, that started in Amsterdam and spread to the rest of the Netherlands. The strike was the only massive and open protest against the persecution of the Jews in occupied Europe. The strike was triggered by the first raids in Amsterdam, in which hundreds of Jewish men were arrested.

Geheime Staatspolizei (Gestapo): The secret political police in Nazi Germany. The Gestapo fell under the SS.

Grüne Polizei (Green Police): The Ordnungspolizei, police units that carried out the day-to-day policing tasks in Germany and occupied countries. Due to the green color of their uniforms, they were nicknamed Grüne Polizei. SD officers were often mistakenly called Grüne Polizei.

Hollandsche Schouwburg (Dutch Theater): A theater on Plantage Parklaan in Amsterdam. It was situated in the Jewish Quarter established by the Germans during the occupation of the Netherlands. In 1942, it became a gathering place from which Jews were deported via Camp Westerbork and Camp Vught to extermination camps. It is now a memorial site.

De IJzeren Garde (Iron Guard): A small fascist splinter party that had broken away from the somewhat larger Nationaal-Socialistiche Nederlandsche Arbeiderspartij (NSNAP). The movement was strongly anti-Semitic and pro-Nazi.

Het Joodsche Weekblad (The Jewish Weekly): A weekly magazine published by the Jewish Council that appeared in the Netherlands during the Second World War. The weekly was the only permitted Jewish publication. It appeared every Friday from April 1941 to September 1943 and was used to proclaim the anti-Jewish measures imposed by the Germans. Since it was distributed only to Jews, the measures could be hidden from non-Jews, and thus it was a means of further isolating the Jews from Dutch society.

Joodse Co?rdinatie Commissie (JCC) (Jewish Coordination Commission): A Jewish organization founded immediately after the German occupation to provide support to the Jewish community. The committee offered advice, organized cultural activities, and provided financial assistance. The JCC refused to negotiate directly with the Germans since it felt that only the Dutch government could do so. After the Jewish Council was established, the JCC was disbanded by the Germans.

Joodse Ereraad (Jewish Honor Council): An organization that called to account Jews thought to have collaborated with the Germans. Established at the beginning of 1946, it continued until 1950. The council had no legal authority, but it published its verdicts and could call for people’s expulsion from the Jewish community.