Pandora's Jar: Women in the Greek Myths(86)
15. Metropolitan Museum, Drawings and Prints.
16. https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=461830&partId=1.
17. https://www.ashmolean.org/sites/default/files/ashmolean/documents/media/learn_pdf_resources_greece_focus_on_greek_objects_teacher_notes.pdf.
18. Hurwit, Jeffrey M. (1995), ‘Beautiful Evil: Pandora and the Athena Parthenos’, American Journal of Archaeology 99.
19. Pausanias, Description of Greece 1.24.7.
20. Thucydides, The History of the Peloponnesian War 2.45.2.
21. The phrase used for women is attike gune – ‘a woman of Attica’, which is a geographical description, but removes the civic context present in the word ‘Athenian’. Jones, N. F. (1999), The Associations of Classical Athens: The Response to Democracy (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press) 128.
22. https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entrypulp-fiction-fan-theories_n_5967174.
23. Hesiod, Theogony 585.
JOCASTA
1. Antiphanes, frag 189.3–8, cited Wright, M. (2016), The Lost Plays of Greek Tragedy, Volume 1: Neglected Authors (London: Bloomsbury Academic), p. 214 + Taplin http://www.engramma.it/eOS/index.php?id_articolo=3303.
2. Wright, p. 97.
3. Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannos 858.
4. Ibid 981–3.
5. Ibid 1071.
6. Ibid 707ff.
7. Ibid 713.
8. Homer, Odyssey 11 271.
9. Ibid 274.
10. Pausanias, Description of Greece 9.5.10–11.
11. Euripides, Phoinissai 20.
12. Ibid 30–1.
13. Ibid 44.
14. Ibid 619.
15. Martin, R. P. (2005), ‘The Voices of Jocasta’, Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics. Available as of March 2020 at https://www.princeton.edu/~pswpc/pdfs/rpmartin/050503.pdf.
16. Lille Stesichorus Antistrophe.
17. Athenian red-figure kylix, attributed to the Painter of Oedipus (ca. 470 BCE), depicting Oedipus and the Sphinx, Vatican Museums, inv. 16541.
18. Sicilian red-figure calyx-krater (ca. 330 BCE) possibly depicting Oedipus, Jocasta and their daughters, Syracuse, Museo Archeologico Regionale Paolo Orsi inv. 66557.
19. Hall, E. (2016), ‘Oedipal Quiz – Little Boys in Greek Tragedy’, The Edithorial. Blog available as of March 2020 at https://edithorial.blogspot.com/2016/05/oedipal-quiz-llittle-boys-in-greek.html 20. A red-figure Apulian loutrophoros, mid-fourth century BCE, by an artist close to the Painter of Laodamia, Basel, Antikenmuseum, inv. S21.
21. Cabanel, Alexandre (1843), oil on canvas, Oedipus Separating from Jocasta, Capentras, Musée Duplessis.
22. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toudouze_oedipus.gif.
23. Aristophanes, The Frogs 1188ff.
HELEN
1. Orestes 352, Andromache 106.
2. Asimov, I. (1992), Isaac Asimov Laughs Again (New York: HarperCollins), p. 200.
3. Homer, Iliad 3 418, 426.
4. Euripides, Helen 21.
5. Epic Greek Fragments, Cypria, 11, MLW.
6. Euripides, Helen 256.
7. Gantz, T. (1993), Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources. Vol 1 (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press), p. 289.
8. Plutarch, Theseus 31.2.
9. Diodorus, Bibliotheca Historica 4.63.
10. Gantz, p. 289.
11. Euripides, The Trojan Women 890–4.
12. Gantz, p. 566.
13. Ibid; e.g. Pseudo-Apollodorus.
14. Homer, Iliad 6 344ff.
15. Euripides, The Trojan Women 901–2.
16. Ibid 914ff.
17. Homer, Iliad 24 28–30.
18. Euripides, The Trojan Women 935–6.
19. Ibid 943–4.
20. Ibid 950.
21. Ibid 1022–3.
22. 10–50 million, approximately. Dr Adam Rutherford, WhatsApp conversation.
23. Gantz, p. 575.
24. Euripides, Helen 34.
25. Ibid 42–3.
26. Ibid 81.
27. Gantz, pp. 574–5.
28. Plato, Republic 9.586c.
29. Euripides, Helen 588.
30. Homer, Iliad 24 804.
31. Ibid 24 761–75.
32. Homer, Odyssey 4 219ff.
33. Book of Jasher 44 15ff.
34. Russell, J. R., (1986), ‘Ara the Beautiful’, Encyclop?dia Iranica, available as of March 2020 at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ara-the-beautiful-.
35. Tacitus, Histories 3.45, Annals 12.36, 12.40.
36. Christie, Agatha (1930), ‘The Face of Helen’, in The Mysterious Mr Quin (London: Collins).
37. Hartley, B. (2014), Novel Research: Fiction and Authority in Ptolemy Chennus, Ph.D. thesis (Exeter), 94ff.
38. Homer, Odyssey 4 277–9.
39. Photius, Bibliotheca 149b 3–38.
40. Wright, M. (2018), The Lost Plays of Greek Tragedy, Volume 2: Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides (London: Bloomsbury), pp. 87–8.
41. http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/walker/exhibitions/rossetti/works/beauties/helenoftroy.aspx.
MEDUSA
1. Nietzsche Aphorism 146, tr. by Shaun Whiteside.
2. Hesiod, Theogony 274–6.
3. Ibid 276–8.
4. Ibid 279.
5. Pindar, Pythian Ode 12 16.
6. Ovid, Metamorphoses 4 794ff.
7. Ibid 798.
8. Stavrakopoulou, Francesca (forthcoming: 2021), God: An Anatomy (London: Picador).
9. Homer, Iliad 5 741.
10. Ibid 11 36.
11. Homer, Odyssey 11 634.